GRU

Military Intelligence Directorate

TOP SECRET

International Order of Battle Survey

This report provides a comprehensive overview of current military forces fielded by the main military powers around the world. The purpose of this report is to become acquainted with the overall level of tehcnology of each country's armed forces and their weapons systems. This is by no means a complete listing of each country's TO&E -- that is something that must be further researched and will be provided on an as-needed basis, assuming that information is available.

Angola

Events happen so quickly in Angola that it is hard to track their forces with any certainty, but last count showed the Angolan Army was equipped with at least 300 T-55 tanks, 100 T-62s, 300 BMP-1s, 300 BTR80s, plus some 100 BRDM-2s. The Army also has a large number of AT3 Saggers, 100mm AT guns, 82mm mortars and D-30 (122mm) artillery pieces. The above numbers fluctuate depending on shipments from Russian, or combat results following skirmishes with the UNITA rebels.

Angola's navy is virtually nonexistent, but its air force, while small, is quite respectable, with 4 squadrons of aircraft. These include MiG-21, MiG-23, Su-22, Su-25 and over 40 Hind attack helicopters.

Lately, Angola has been repairing and deploying many of their old Russian air defense systems, indicating that they are preparing against an air attack from an outside power (since the rebels have no air force), most likely the U.S. Some 50 SA-2 Guideline and 20 SA-3 Goa high altitude air defense systems are now in place, as well as 25 SA-6 Gainful, 20 SA-9 Gaskin and 10SA-13 Gopher low altitude systems. These systems represent a very dangerous threat to even some of the most advanced aircraft, something that one might not expect from such an impoverished country as Angola.

The UNITA rebels have no organized army, and are armed with only small arms.

Argentina

Argentina maintains an army of 75,000 active troops, and is transitioning between being a motorized army and a fully mechanized one. Most of Argentina's kit is mid-20th century US design, including M4 tanks and several hundred M113 APCs. Artillery has not been acquired in very large numbers, leaving these troops less well supported compared to most armies. The most plentiful threat is their large number of Cobra and Mamba ATGMs (we are still doing research on these to find out what their closest equivalent weapon is to US and Russian models). Air defense includes the Tigercat, Blowpipe and 6 Roland. The army also fields a large number of helicopters. The Argentine navy boasts 3 submarines (2 Santa Cruz, 1 Salta) and 1 more which is undergoing a major refit, plus 6 destroyers (UK Type 42 and German MEKO 360), 7 frigates (4 Espora, 3 Drummond) and 10 patrol and coastal craft. A crew of naval air pilots is training with a squadron of Super Etenards aboard the Brazilian CV Minas Gerais. Argentina continues to maintain a strong force of 3500 Marines, which may indicate its longstanding intentions to make another try for the Falklands.

Australia

Australia's armed forces have always been minimal, considering the sheer size of the island and the amount of coastline it has to protect. The army has only 1 infantry division (motorized, but not mechanized) that's fully operational. Reserves would only account for another two divisions at most, and that would take several months to form up, much less deploy. A meager armored force of 71 Leopard tanks and less than 500 M113 APCs are the only tracked vehicles in Australia's inventory.

The Australian navy is about on par with the army, with a surface action force of only 3 destroyers and 7 frigates, though its ability to traverse great distances gives it at least some degree of power projection. Australia has 3 submarines, a Collins and two Oxleys, which are modified (UK) Oberons.

Its air force is also small but effective, with 2 squadrons of F-111s of various types, and 3 squadrons of F/A-18 Hornet As and Bs.

With such a small force, Australia's best defense is the sheer size of the continent which would require a large occupation force to hold any significant part of it, as well as the immense distance of its shores from potential enemies. Still, a concerted effort by China, Indonesia or any other respectable nation with amphibious capabilities could, if not intercepted by its US ally, pose a frightening threat to this country.

China

With the largest army in the world, China officially supports 35 armies comprising 118 infantry divisions, 13 armored divisions, 17 artillery divisions and a total of some 2 million men. It is therefore no surprise that China was one of our largest customers during our weapons stockpile sale of 2005, and has been continuing to modernize and expand even more. This may have been a grave error in hindsight, seeing as some of these weapons are being arrayed at us across the border.

As for equipment, the PLA's best tank is now the T80, although T72s are far more plentiful, and their second-echelon and reserve forces will continue to use the T-62. Most of their T-55s have been sold to other countries, mostly to Indonesia. By far the most common vehicle will be the WZ501 and WZ553 armored personnel carriers, which are similar to the Russian-built BMP-1 and MT-LB, respectively. Anti-tank weapons include the HJ-7, which is a Chinese copy of the AT3 Sagger, and the HJ-8, which bears a close resemblance to the Milan. China appears to be producing both of these weapons in large numbers.

Air defense relies primarily on the FT2000, which is a Chinese (and less reliable) copy of the Russian S-300, and the KS-1 (which was the air defense missile used by Malaysia in the US-Malaysia war two years ago. There is a great deal of information available on this misile in the AARs for that battle.) China has also produced a massive number of SA-7b shoulder-launched systems to provide protection at lower altitudes.

China's navy has made several major upgrades since the turn of the millenium, having introduced two new classes of destroyers to its fleet -- the Luhai, which is an enlarged version of the Luhu class and which are known to carry either two Z-9 ASW helicopters or a single Ka-28, and the Sovremenny, a somewhat aging Russian ship which China has continued to purchase since the year 2000. The most common destroyer in the fleet, however, is the Luda II. All of these classes were designed with fleet defense in mind, a strong indication of China's blue-water aspirations. Where the navy is weakest is its lack of a respectable ASW platform, having only a few aging frigates in its active roster. This is where its submarine fleet must fill the void, which is made up of over 50 Romeo class diesel subs, plus a handful of Kilos and Hans, the latter being a Chinese nuclear attack sub. The sub fleet's centerpiece is the XIA SSBN, a nuclear ballistic missile platform which, if hostilities were to break out between our own country and China, must quickly be found and neutralized.

China has made great strides in developing its air force, having purchased a large number of our Su30 MKs during the big 2005 sale. China has also increased production of the J11, which currently is the most advanced aircraft in all of Southeast Asia. A number of FC prototypes have also been developed, which are supposedly as maneuverable as our own F-16. All of these aircraft are still in limited numbers, however, and must be supplemented by their larger force of older aircraft such as the more standard J8, or even older MiG-23.

Latest intelligence confirms that China is building more Dong Feng 21A ballistic missiles (also known as CSS-5). This is of particular concern to the Taiwan and other PacRim countries, as its range of 1200 nm allows China to strike virtually any target in the Western Pacific, even as far east as Guam. (You will recall this was the missile sold by China to Malaysia during the US-Malaysia war two years ago.) These missiles can be fitted with either conventional or nuclear warheads.

Cuba

Most of Cuba's military is made up of mostly conscripts, and given the moderate amount of dissention within the country we are seeing signs of morale problems throughout its armed forces, especially in the lower ranks. The one thing that galvanizes them together is their resentment of US intervention in Latin America. Still, for a relatively poor Latin American country, their army remains over 90,000 strong. Equipment includes 1500 tanks, featuring mostly T-55s along with a few hundred T-62s. Their main APC is the BMP-1, though they also have over 600 BTR 80s. Artillery includes a full array of ex-Soviet guns, including MRLS. Cuba has a particularly large arsenal of 82mm mortars. AT weapons include the almost-antique AT1 Snapper and thet AT-3 Sagger. Air defense is fair to moderately strong, featuring Sa-6/-7/-8/-9/-13/-14 and -16. Cuba maintains 2 aging Foxtrot submarines and 1 Koni frigate, along with a handful of FAC/patrol craft. Their air force consists of 4 squadrons of fighters, including MiG-21F, MiG-23MF and a single small squadron of MiG29s. Also attached to Cuba's air force are 40 Mi-8 attack helos.

In countries such as Honduras, Somalia and Angola, Cuba does not supply any heavy forces, only a few platoons of elite troops trained in guerrilla tactics, which they teach to the host country's army. Other elements of Cuban advisors found abroad include mortar, SAM and ATGM personnel, again, mainly for training purposes.

Honduras

The Honduran military is really more of a military police force than a true army, with less than 15,000 personnel and only 1 company of light tanks (Scorpions). The enlisted force is almost entirely made up of conscripts. That is one reason why the contras are gaining power, as they are using guerrilla tactics from the jungle to ambush troops that were perhaps mistakenly trained for more conventional warfare. But given the daily reports of attrocities in the news and the need to bring back stability to the region, the President may call for either overt or covert operations to take place there very soon (the President's decision, in fact, will be based, in part, on your final threat analysis assignment). The Honduran navy is really just a squadron of patrol boats, but its air force is a bit more modern, consisting of 2 squadrons of F-5Es, and a squadron of 8 Super Mystere B2s (though they are lacking qualified crews for the latter aircraft). Honduras has no significant air defense.

Indonesia

 

Indonesia currently fields an army of nearly 800,000 troops, which grows larger by the year. This reflects the fascist "police state" regime that has risen to power during the last decade. The casual visitor to the country will see soldiers on every street corner, as the country's new militaristic pride is seen and felt everywhere. He will also notice the average age of the soldiers is extremely young; it is not uncommon to see 14 year old boys carrying submachine guns.

 

With the exception of its navy, most of Indonesia's equipment consists of hand-me-downs from China and Malaysia, the latter of whom was forced to sell off much of its armament after the Brunei Affair. Theis equipment includes over 600 Scorpion tanks and almost 1200 WZ553 APCs, which are Chinese knock-offs of our MT-LB. (Unlike us, Indonesia actually uses these to transport troops, not for merely pulling artillery.) In addition to these regular army forces, Indonesia has an interior police force consisting of over 1000 Stormer APCs. These are small armored vehicles not too dissimilar from the BRDM class. These come in two varieties -- one with an ATGM mount and one without. The police units are often integrated into regular military operations as a rear security element.

 

Indonesia's has poor air defense, with their best system being the antiquated SA-6 Gainful, a track-mounted low-to-mid-altitude system, and the SA-9 Gaskin, a low-altitude system mounted on a BRDM chassis. There are usually four of these systems attached to every brigade. Indonesia does have a large number of Chinese-built SA-7b shoulder-launched weapons, however, making close air support and helo insertions somewhat risky.

 

While their air defense is considered ineffective against high-altitude aircraft, Indonesia does possess a respectable air force, at least in terms of numbers, if not its technology or training. As many as seven squadrons are operational, which include mostly A-4s, Hawks, and a squadron of F-16s in the fighter-attack role and a squadron of A-5s dedicated to the fighter role only. They also maintain 2 KC-130B tankers which should help these relatively short-ranged aircraft stay aloft far longer than usual.

 

The largest area of expansion has been Indonesia's navy, which is comprised of the Western Fleet, headquartered in Jakarta and based out of Teluk Ratai, and the Eastern Fleet headquartered and based in Surabaya. These fleets together have over 25 frigates of various classes, including Almad Yani, some 60 corvettes, torpedo and missile craft, mostly from the former East Germany, and a large number of coastal patrol boats to police the almost infinite coastal waters of each of the islands. Indonesia also maintains over 30 amphibious ships and over 80 landing craft, including 5 LCUs and some 50 LCMs. Indonesia is also known to have two German T-206 and two T-209 submarines, all of which are feeling their age and spend much of their time in drydock.

 

Given Indonesia's many islands and the need to protect them, it is no surprise that Indonesia has spent considerable sums on its navy, and that they are considered quite sklled in both amphibiouis and coastal/patrol operations.

 

India

India's defense budget increased markedly during the last decade, with Russia resuming its place as its major supplier. Its army is well over two million strong, and fields as many as 3000 T-72s and another 1000 T-55s. Its artillery corps features a large number of 122mm MRL systems. India also boasts one of the most powerful navies in the world, featuring a nuclear carrier (with 2 squadrons of Sea Harriers), 17 subs (Kilo, Foxtrots and German T-209s), fifty ocean-going surface combatants, and ten amphibious landing vessels. The most impressive component of India's military is its air force, whose sheer size poses a tremendous threat to any country that opposes her. Some 20 squadrons are now being fielded, which are made up of mostly Mig-21s, Mig-23s and Mig-29s. India has also invested heavily in attack helicopters, most notably the Mi-25 Hind. India's air defense consists of several hundred systems, including SA-3, SA-6, SA-7, SA-9, SA-13 and SA-16.

Japan

Due to the backfiring of the Pacific Alliance (See World Threat Report), Japan is one of the few major powers in the world that is reducing the size of its armed forces. Once a 5-army military, its ground forces have been reduced to just two armies, all well under-strength and under-trained. This is still enough to put up stiff resistance to any power foolish enough to try and invade, but not powerful enough to conduct any offensive operations of any scale themselves.

Japan's armed forces are comprised of a curious mix of both Russian and Western equipment as well as a large amount of indigenously-built weapons. This makes it difficult to plan on the kind of weapon you might expect to face if indeed a Japanese task force were to be assembled. Japan has invested in a large artillery corps, which can be used as shore defense as well as fire support. Its navy heavily emphasizes submarine and coastal warfare, with 26 PRC Type-031/Sov Romeo class subs and over 400 PFM type patrol boats.

Japan's air force is more than sufficient for defense of the island, with 8 squadrons of F-15s and 2 squadrons of F-4s for fighters, and 2 squadrons of F-Is. Some of these squadrons are to be upgrading to improved Western models, though it is uncertain when that will happen.

Japan's main assets is not its military units, but its bases, having a large number of them built through the entire Japanese islands. This will prevent the likelihood of any large-scale pre-emptive strike designed to knock out Japan or the US early in the war.

Libya

Libya's army is expanding at a rapid pace, as its leader, the archly anti-Semite Col. Khaki Khadama, is a constant obstacle to the trend toward peace with Israel and continually threatens the balance of power in African, Mediterranean and Middle Eastern regions. Libya bought big during the Russian "fire sale," procuring over 300 T-74 (Iq) and 400 T-62 tanks. Libya also has retained its already sizeable force of over 500 T-55 medium tanks, as well. Other standard Russian-built equipment includes 300 BRDM-2s, over 1000 BMP-1s, and 100 BTR80s, as well as 122mm and 152mm artillery and a large number of 122mm MRL systems. Anti-tank weapons include the long-range (but not always reliable) AT-3 Sagger, Milans, and AT-4 Spigots.

The Libyan navy consists of three frigates -- (2 Al hani and 1 Dat Assawari [UK Vosper Mk 7]), plus some 30 corvettes and missile craft and 8 mine countermeasuress platforms, several of which have mine-laying capability. Libya also possesses four "Al Badr" (Soviet Foxtrot) submarines. These subs are under repair, however, and it appears that only one of them is operational at this time. Libya also has five amphibious ships on its active roster.

The Libyan air force consists of 12 Tu-22 Backfiie squadron, 40 MiG-23BN, 15 MiG-23U, 30 Mirage 5D/DE, 14 Mirage 5DD, 14 Mirage F-1AD, 6 Su-24, 45 Su-20, 30 J-1 Jatreb. In addition, Libya is known to play host to Russian air force elements and is being assisted by Russian military advisors. Best AAMs that we know of are the R-530 and R-550 Magic. Libya also has a substantial number of Mi-25 and Mi-35 attack helicopters with AT-2 Swatter ASMs as well as Mi-8/17 HIP and Mi-2 HOPLITE.

Malaysia

Malaysia's armed forces feature the same equipment as before during the US-Malaysian war, but has been drastically reduced as per provisions of the peace treaty. For complete information on Malaysia's weapons and equipment, see Malaysia at the TacOps Intel page.

North Korea

 

With roughly 923,000 active-duty troops, North Korea's ground forces continue to pose a credible threat to the South Korean and American forcees. The size, organization, and combat capabilities of the Army provide Pyong-yang with both an offensive military option and the ability to protect its homeland.

 

The ground forces have eight conventional infantry corps, four mechanized corps, an armored corps, and an artillery corps. The most capable ground forces are near the DMZ, where they defend the border or could be
rapidly committed to a cross-border assault. Behind this zone, a layered disposition of mechanized exploitation forces provides for a speedy offensive or active defense of Pyongyang as needed. Korean reserve forces are positioned to defend against a sea invasion along either coast and can quickly assume territorial defense roles to allow for forward commitment of active-duty forces.

 

North Korea has indigenously produced about 700 T-62 tanks then doubled this amount after purchasing much of Russia's inventory of these tanks in 2005. Light tanks are also fielded in large numbers and include variants of the former Soviet PT-76 and Chinese Type 62/63. Additional tanks (T-55) and assault guns (SPG9) reside with the reserve infantry divisions. APCs consist primarily of BTR80s and a locally produced copy of the VTT322. MT-LBs are often used as a command vehicle and for towing anti-tank guns.

 

North Korea takes air defense very seriously, having learned a lesson from the use of US airpower in Iraq and Yugoslavia. This is why most of North Korea's strategic key communications and supply storage areas are located underground or in hardened shelters. Air defense systems include the Chinese KS-1 (the system used by Malaysia in the Battle of Brunei) and the shorter-ranged SA-9 Gecko, but the most common weapon is the shoulder-launched SA16, which, following the lead of China, have been bought by the thousands.

 

The most significant development in the ground forces has been the continued deployment of long-range artillery systems (240-mm multiple rocket launchers and 170-mm self-propelled guns) near the DMZ. Although these deployments are not yet complete, the North is continuing production of these long-range systems. The increasing number of long-range artillery systems gives North Korea the ability to provide devastating indirect firepower in support of ground force operations. Most of the artillery is self-propelled and can support a rapidly moving operation.

 

The North Korean Navy is primarily a coastal defense force. Most naval vessels are small, patrol-sized craft unable to operate over 50 nautical miles from the coast but capable of policing North Korea's territorial waters. The Navy's numerous amphibious craft and midget submarines also can clandestinely insert special operations forces into South Korea.

About two-thirds of the Air Force's 1,100 combat aircraft are older generation Soviet- or Chinese-made designs incorporating 1970s technology. These include MiG-21s, MiG23s and the Chinese J7.

Pakistan

Pakistan continues its military expansion unabated, with almost million men, 2500 tanks (mostly M48 A5s) and 850 M113 APCs. Their main AT weapon is the the TOW, and most of their artillery consists of towed 155mm and 105mm pieces. Pakistan also has a large inventory of recoiless rifles (similar in firepower to the SPG9). Pakistan's navy features 9 submarines (Hashmat, Hangor, and MG110), 6 Alamgir (US Gearing) destroyers, 6 Tariq (US Amazon) and 2 Shamsher (UK Leander) frigates and some 15 to 20 patrol and coastal combatants which include Huangfeng and Hegu missile craft, Larkana offshore patrol boats and Quetta and Rajshahai inshore patrol boats.

Poland

While Poland's air force is becoming antiquated and its navy is all but non-existent, its army is becoming larger every year and better-trained as well. Its forces have been broken up into four military districts -- each receiving three divisions of mechanized infantry. The district near the city of Krakow contains a number of specialized brigades including air cavalry, air assault, mechanized and mountain infantry. It is outfitted with weapons meant for defense, not attack, especially in the area of air defense.

Poland's army is still using Soviet-era equipment including over 1600 T72 and T55 tanks. The Polish Army also has over 500 BMP-2 APCs, plus a fairly substantial artillery corps consisting of about 160 152mm pieces and 300 of the 122mm variety. All units are bristling with air defense guns to help stave off close air attacks, including ZUs for stationary installations and ZSU-23s for troop formations. The army is beginning to change over to NATO equipment, but at this point only a few front line units have done so.

Similar to the army, the Polish Air Force is based on air defense, not attack. It consists of 7 regiments of MiG-21s and MiG-23s, including 2 squadrons of MiG-29s. By contrast it only has 4 regiments of attack aircraft, made up of mostly Su-22s.

High and medium altitude air defense is also high on Poland's list of priorities, with about 200 SAM systems, including SA-2, 3, 4 and 5.

Russia

Through our massive sale of all pre-1980s weapons in 2005, we have been able to pour vast resources into our nation's defense as well as step up the level of training across all branches of the military. Rather than develop newer, more advanced technologies, however, most of the money has been spent on the refurbishment and production of already-existing weapon systems. Today, our armed forces are still nowhere near the size they were during the height of the "Cold Years," and we are still not able to match the US in terms of global power projection, but this new Russian army appears to be fully operational and respectibly trained, as seen in the May Day processions in Moscow last year.

Our ground forces today are basically composed of the same Category A forces of the late 80s, with a slightly stronger emphasis on air defense. The only mishap in our rebuilding program was the T-90 tank, which exhibited a faulty engine problem and was recalled, then eventually scrapped. Production remains high for both variants of the T-80, however, with T-80AT's being the most common. The new standard in APCs is the BMP3, a more lethal upgrade to the previously dominant BMP2. The most common ATGM is the AT7 Saxhorn, which trades range for lighter weight when compared to the AT3 and 4 (though the AT3 and AT4 are still fielded). Artillery continues to play a major role, as we recall from our saturation of it during the Grozny affair. Large formations of MRLS as well as conventional artillery are common at the brigade-level or larger.

Air defense is perhaps an even more critical component to Russian doctrine than it has been previously, which is a response to modern US Airland Battle doctrine. S-300 surface to air missile systems are have been deployed in large numbers, and a great many SA-11 systems have been brought out of mothballs as well. These will provide a strong, medium to high-altitude umbrella, with the lower altitudes being handled by SA-15s, SA-9 Geckos (BRDM-mounted SAMs) and shoulder-launched, SA-16s. As for AA artillery, each division is apportioned 16 ZSU-23-4AAAs, four for each of the three regiments and the remaining four for Division HQ.

Our air force is once again making a comeback, with scores of MiG-29 Fulcrum (A) and Su-27 Flankers being deployed to bases around the country. Aviation, in fact, is the one area where we have made considerable strides over our 1980s and 90s technology, with the introduction of two new advanced aircraft designs. The new MiG-29 Fulcrum M class is now in full production, and should outperform both the US F-16 Falcon and F/A-18 Hornet in terms of speed and maneuverability. The Su-35 "Super Flanker," a fighter/interceptor whose development we have been careful to keep shrouded in secrecy, is just now entering production. There are only a few of these aircraft available at this time, however.

Our navy, which for years had been rusting away in their slips due to lack of funds, has been given a complete overhaul, with all fleets being able to put together enough ships to make up a respectable task force or two. Still, this is less than half the number of ships that our navy had in its heyday, and which means we probably cannot go toe to toe with a full deployment of combined US and NATO fleets. Striking by surprise, or with speed, are our only options.

We have increased the level of training in the navy as well, but mostly only in shallow waters close to home ports. This should be sufficient enough to keep up our basic level of seamanship and alertness, but our newly conscripted crews will be somewhat deficient in blue water ASW and anti-ship operations. Training for such missions will help us conduct such operations more efficiently, but could raise suspicions by NATO.

For more details on the types and classes of ships that have been allocated to each of our fleets, please refer to the Order of Battle for the Red Banner Fleet.

Somali Republic

Following the 1991 revolution and the departure of US/UN forces from the region, much of Somalia's equipment had fallen into disrepair. With our assistance, and with the assistance of Cuba in guerrilla warfare, a new regime has taken over the 'Republic of Somaliland' and has successfully repressed all dissenters, albeit violently. While the UN does not recognize this regime (referred to as "hoodlums" by some), our own government stands firmly behind them in hopes of instructing them in the ways of Marxist socialism. The Somali leaders continue to purchase more early-80's and 90's style of mililtary equipment though they do have a several newer Russian platforms as well as technical support to repair their old arsenal. This equipment includes over 400 T-55 medium tanks, 2000 BRDM-class recce vehicles and 3500 BTR-80s. A few AT7 anti-tank weapons have been making their way into the country, but the most prevalent anti-tank weapon by far is the RPG16, and almost as many RPG-22s. The Somali army also has a large number of light and medium crewed mortars, but do not as yet have any artillery.

Somalia's air force, nearly non-existent only 10 years ago, has been reborn with the acquisition of about 20 Su-22 Fitter and another 20 MiG-21 Fishbed. Somali pilots are only now being cleared to fly them, and it will be some time before they can be called proficient, at least by US standards.

Air defense is almost entirely made up of low-altitude, shoulder-launched weapons such as the SA-7, though a large number of ZSU-23-4AAAs have been shipped to Somalia in recent months and should be operational soon.

The Somali navy consists of a flotilla of small police boats used for patrolling its extensive coast, but other than that is non-existent.

The most worrisome military threat in Somalia, however, is their civilian population, which can often be swayed by the warlords into mob frenzy, often with terrifying effectiveness that even our own special forces units are not always equipped to handle. If a conflict does arise in the Somali Republic, US commanders would be well advised to stay away from densely urban areas as much as possible unless well-supported by the highest tech weaponry and surveillance assets. Even then, as we have learned once before, this may not be enough to accomplish our mission.

Sri Lanka

Sri Lanka has a surprisingly large army for a country its size, some 130,000 troops in all, including reservists. It maintains very little in the way of motorized or mechanized equipment, however, and still must rely on getting to the battle on foot. Sri Lanka's navy has 9 amphibious ships for expeditionary operations, and its 38 coastal patrol ships will attempt to restrain smuggling to and from the island in support of the Tamil Tigers. The Sri Lanka air force consists of 22 combat aircraft, including mostly obsolete aircraft such as the F-5, Hind helos. In its latest attempt to gain intel on the disposition of Tamil forces, the Sri Lanka military is beginning to experiment with UAVs.

The Liberation forces of Tamil (LTTE), also known as the Tamil Tigers, consists of 6000 guerrillas, whose skills in ambush, terrorism and jungle survival are renowned the world over. The Tamil group maintains several terrorist camps, one of which is located in the middle of a dense patch of jungle, making surveillance somewhat difficult.

Vietnam

Vietnam's army is almost as active and combat-ready as it was during the war against the U.S., as tensions with China increase. Most of their forces, therefore, or at or very close to the border in defensive positions. Forces include about 50 T-62 and 300 T-55 tanks, which of course is no match for a strong onrush of China's main army. It also features BTR-80s, self-propelled 152mm artillery, and towed 122mm and 152mm artillery. The AT weapon of choice is the AT3, and the 100mm assault gun. Its navy features 7 frigates of the Barnegat (US Cutter) Petya II and Petya III. While its blue water navy is decidedly weak, Vietnam has a large inland force of over 50 patrol and coastal craft, as well as 2 Mine countermeasures ships, and 7 amphibious ships. Vietnam's air defense features a handful of antiquated SA-2, 3 and 6 systems.

Yugoslavia

Yugoslavia's army fields some 800 T-55 tanks, though a great many of these have fallen into disrepair during the last decade. Recce vehicles are BRDM2. APCs include the BTR80 and a recent shipment of 80 BTR90s. AT weapons consist of AT-3 and AT-4 ATGMs. Yugoslavia is big on artillery, with hundreds of tubes of medium and heavy caliber guns, as well as over 100 122mm MRL systems. Its navy maintains (just barely) 2 Sava SS and 2 Heroj SS class submarines, 4 frigates (2 Kotor, 2 Split) and as many as 35 patrol and coastal craft, 16 mine warfare vessels, 10 amphibious landing vessels and a regiment of about 1000 Marines. Its air force has 4 squadrons of Orao 2 attack aircraft, 4 squadrons of MiG-21 fighters and 1 squadron of Mig-29s. The air force also has some 40 to 50 attack helos attached to its command. Air defense consists of SA-6, SA-7/-9/-13/-14/ and -16.

END REPORT.